In the fascinating world of scale model railroading, nothing is more fundamental than keeping your trains on the tracks. Likewise, nothing is more frustrating in the development of your model train layouts than mysterious derailment issues. There are many things that can cause your trains to go off the tracks, so here are some tips for locating and solving the problem with some practical model train repair advice.
Tip #1: Check each rail joint. Rail joints are a common culprit in train derailments, so make sure they are correctly fitted and level. After the track is spiked down, use a fine file to smooth the top until you can slide your fingernail over it without catching.
Tip#2: Inspect Turnouts. Turnouts, or track switches, are one of most frequent causes of derailments and a common problem area in model train repair. If the track gauge is too tight, it pushes the flanges against the railheads and causes the wheels to raise up and derail. Too wide of a gauge can also cause a problem, causing the wheelset to climb up as well. Many turnouts are manufactured too wide, but this can be corrected by filling in the inside area of the guardrail until the gauge has a snug fit.
Tip #3: Weight the cars correctly. Most freight cars need some additional weight to function properly and stay on track. The NMRA has some recommended formulas to determine the optimum weight based on various car lengths (see further resource at the end of this article for the guidelines). Weight in the car should be put close to the bottom, secured and centered to maintain their position.
Tip #4: Check wheelsets. The wheelsets must be in the right gauge and be centered on each axle. If it is out of gauge, it can usually be corrected by twisting the wheel along the axle until it matches the gauge.
Tip #5: Do not overlubricate. Many modelers use too much lubrication, which can attract dirt to the equipment and cause derailments, or damage the paint and result in additional model train repairs. Use only the bare minimum of oil, and for couplers, use a powdered graphite Teflon which will not attract dirt.
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